中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)
1987年5月4日，国务院
第一条 为保障民用航空安全，维护公众利益，促进民用航空事业的发展，特制定本条例。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事民用航空器（含航空发动机和螺旋桨，下同）的设计、生产、使用和维修的单位或者个人，向中华人民共和国出口民用航空器的单位或者个人，以及在中华人民共和国境外维修在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的单位或者个人，均须遵守本条例。
第三条 民用航空器的适航管理，是根据国家的有关规定，对民用航空器的设计、生产、使用和维修，实施以确保飞行安全为目的的技术鉴定和监督。
第四条 民用航空器的适航管理由中国民用航空局（以下简称民航局）负责。
第五条 民用航空器的适航管理，必须执行规定的适航标准和程序。
第六条 任何单位或者个人设计民用航空器，应当持航空工业部对该设计项目的审核批准文件，向民航局申请型号合格证。民航局接受型号合格证申请后，应当按照规定进行型号合格审定；审定合格的，颁发型号合格证。
第七条 任何单位或者个人生产民用航空器，应当具有必要的生产能力，并应当持本条例第六条规定的型号合格证，经航空工业部同意后，向民航局申请生产许可证。民航局接受生产许可证申请后，应当按照规定进行生产许可审定；审定合格的，颁发生产许可证，并按照规定颁发适航证。
任何单位或者个人未按照前款规定取得生产许可证的，均不得生产民用航空器。但本条例第八条规定的除外。
第八条 任何单位或者个人未取得生产许可证，但因特殊需要，申请生产民用航空器的，须经民航局批准。
按照前款规定生产的民用航空器，须经民航局逐一审查合格后，颁发适航证。
第九条 民用航空器必须具有民航局颁发的适航证，方可飞行。
民航局颁发的适航证应当规定该民用航空器所适用的活动类别、证书的有效期限及安全所需的其他条件和限制。
第十条 持有民用航空器生产许可证的单位生产的民用航空器，经国务院有关主管部门批准需要出口时，由民航局签发出口适航证。
第十一条 在中华人民共和国境内飞行的民用航空器必须具有国籍登记证。在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，国籍登记证由民航局颁发。民用航空器取得国籍登记证后，必须按照规定在该民用航空器的外表标明国籍登记识别标志。
第十二条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人进口外国生产的任何型号的民用航空器，如系首次进口并用于民用航空活动时，出口民用航空器的单位或者个人必须向民航局申请型号审查。民航局接受申请后，应当按照规定对该型号民用航空器进行型号审查；审查合格的，颁发准予进口的型号认可证书。
第十三条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人租用的外国民用航空器，必须经民航局对其原登记国颁发的适航证审查认可或者另行颁发适航证后，方可飞行。
第十四条 任何单位或者个人的民用航空器取得适航证以后，必须按照民航局的有关规定和适航指令，使用和维修民用航空器，保证其始终处于持续适航状态。
第十五条 加装或者改装已取得适航证的民用航空器，必须经民航局批准，涉及的重要部件、附件必须经民航局审定。
第十六条 中华人民共和国境内和境外任何维修单位或者个人，承担在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修业务的，必须向民航局申请维修许可证，经民航局对其维修设施、技术人员、质量管理系统审查合格，并颁发维修许可证后，方可从事批准范围内的维修业务活动。
第十七条 负责维修并放行在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修技术人员，必须向民航局提出申请，经民航局或者其授权单位考核合格并取得维修人员执照或者相应的证明文件后，方可从事民用航空器的维修并放行工作。
第十八条 民用航空器的适航审查应当收取费用。收费办法由民航局会同财政部制定。
第十九条 民航局有权对生产、使用、维修民用航空器的单位或者个人以及取得适航证的民用航空器进行定期检查或者抽查；经检查与抽查不合格的，民航局除按照本条例的有关规定对其处罚外，还可吊销其有关证件。
第二十条 使用民用航空器进行飞行活动的任何单位或者个人有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止飞行，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、民用航空器未取得适航证的；
二、民用航空器适航证已经失效的；
三、使用民用航空器超越适航证规定范围的。
第二十一条 维修民用航空器的单位或者个人，有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止维修业务或者吊销其维修许可证，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、未取得维修许可证，擅自承接维修业务的；
二、超过维修许可证规定的业务范围，承接维修业务的；
三、由未取得维修人员执照的人员负责民用航空器的维修并放行的。
第二十二条 任何单位或者个人违反本条例第七条规定，擅自生产民用航空器的，民航局有权责令其停止生产，并视情节轻重，处以罚款。
第二十三条 按照本条例受到处罚的单位的上级主管机关，应当根据民航局的建议对受罚单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十四条 民航局因适航管理工作的过失造成人身伤亡或者重大财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任，并对直接责任人员给予行政处分；直接责任人员的行为构成犯罪的，由司法机关依追究刑事责任。
第二十五条 民航局从事适航管理的工作人员，利用职务之便营私舞弊的，应当给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 任何单位或者个人对民航局作出的罚款决定不服的，可以在接到罚款通知书之日起十五日内向民航局提请复议，也可以直接向人民法院起诉；期满不提请复议也不起诉又不执行的，民航局可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十七条 民航局应当在广泛征求航空工业部及各有关部门意见的基础上，制定本条例的实施细则及有关技术标准。
第二十八条 本条例由民航局负责解释。
第二十九条 本条例自一九八七年六月一日起施行。
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-
TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
(Promulgated by the State Council on May 4, 1987)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of ensuring safety in
civil aviation, protecting public interests and promoting the development
of civil aviation undertakings.
Article 2
All units or individuals that are engaged in the designing, manufacturing,
use and maintenance of civil aircraft (including aircraft engines and
propellers, and the same hereinafter) within the People's Republic of
China, all units or individuals that export civil aircraft to the People's
Republic of China, and all units or individuals that perform outside the
People's Republic of China maintenance services to aircraft registered in
the People's Republic of China shall abide by these Regulations.
Article 3
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft denotes the
technical appraisal and supervision exercised in accordance with the
pertinent provisions of the State over the designing, manufacturing, use
and maintenance of civil aircraft for the purpose of ensuring safety in
flight.
Article 4
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as the
"CAAC") shall be responsible for the administration of the airworthiness
of civil aircraft.
Article 5
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft shall be
exercised in accordance with the prescribed airworthiness criteria and
procedures.
Article 6
Any units or individuals that intend to design civil aircraft shall, on
the strength of the document issued by the Ministry of Aeronautic Industry
for the examination and approval of the design project, apply to the CAAC
for a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model. The CAAC shall, after receipt
of the application therefor, conduct the examination and appraisal, in
accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the model to be
designed is up to standard and, if the model is proved to be up to
standard, a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model shall be issued.
Article 7
Any units or individuals that intend to manufacture civil aircraft shall
have the necessary manufacturing capacity and shall, on the strength of
the Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model as prescribed in Article 6 of
these Regulations and with the consent of the Ministry of Aeronautic
Industry, apply to the CAAC for a Manufacturing Permit. The CAAC shall,
after receipt of the application therefor, conduct examination and
appraisal, in accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the
applicants are qualified to obtain a Manufacturing Permit, if they are
proved to be qualified, a Manufacturing Permit shall be issued to them,
together with an Airworthiness Certificate to be issued in accordance with
the relevant provisions.
No units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit in
accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph may manufacture
civil aircraft, except as otherwise prescribed in the provisions of
Article 8 of these Regulations.
Article 8
Any units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit but
intend to manufacture civil aircraft as a result of special needs shall
apply to the CAAC for approval. Civil aircraft manufactured in accordance
with the provision in the preceding paragraph shall be examined one by one
and only after each of them is proved to be up to standard shall an
Airworthiness Certificate be issued.
Article 9
Civil aircraft may engage in flight operations only when they have
possessed an Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC.
The Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC shall specify the type(s)
of activities the aircraft is (are) good for, the period of validity of
the Certificate, and other conditions and restrictions required for
ensuring safety.
Article 10
If civil aircraft manufactured by units possessing a Civil Aircraft
Manufacturing Permit are to be exported as approved by the competent
authorities under the State Council, the Airworthiness Certificate for
Export shall be issued by the CAAC.
Article 11
Civil aircraft that are to fly within the People's Republic of China must
possess Nationality Registration Certificates. Civil aircraft that have
been registered in the People's Republic of China shall bear the
nationality of the People's Republic of China and shall be issued
Nationality Registration Certificate by the CAAC. Civil aircraft shall,
after obtaining a Nationality Registration Certificate, stencil on their
outer surface the identification marks of nationality registration in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 12
Where any units or individuals of the People's Republic of China intend to
import any model of civil aircraft manufactured in foreign countries, and
if it is imported for the first time and to be used for civil aviation
activities, the units or individuals exporting that civil aircraft shall
apply to the CAAC for examination of the model. The CAAC shall, upon
receipt of the application, conduct the examination of the model of the
civil aircraft in accordance with the relevant provisions. If the model is
proved to be up to standard, a Certificate for Model Approval shall be
issued to permit the import.
Article 13
A foreign civil aircraft leased by any unit or individual of the People's
Republic of China may engage in flight operations only after the CAAC has
examined and approved the airworthiness certificate issued by the country
of registry of the said aircraft or only after the CAAC has issued a new
Airworthiness Certificate to the aircraft.
Article 14
Any units or individuals that have obtained Airworthiness Certificates for
their civil aircraft shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the CAAC and its mandates of airworthiness, use and maintain the said
civil aircraft and ensure that they are in a state of permanent
airworthiness.
Article 15
The addition or modification of a civil aircraft for which an
Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained shall be subject to the
approval of the CAAC and the essential components and accessories involved
shall be subject to the examination and approval of the CAAC.
Article 16
Any maintenance units or individuals inside or outside the People's
Republic of China that intend to undertake maintenance services for civil
aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to the
CAAC for a Maintenance Permit. Only after the CAAC has examined their
maintenance facilities, technical personnel and quality control system,
found them up to standard and issued a Maintenance Permit may they engage
in the maintenance business activities within the scope approved.
Article 17
Maintenance technical personnel in charge of maintaining and releasing
civil aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to
the CAAC and only after the CAAC or a unit authorized by the CAAC has
examined them and found them qualified and they have thus obtained a
Maintenance Personnel Licence or a similar certificate may they engage in
the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 18
Fees shall be charged for the examination of the airworthiness of a civil
aircraft. The amounts to be charged and relevant procedures for charging
shall be set by the CAAC in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance.
Article 19
The CAAC shall have the right to examine regularly or selectively the
units or individuals that manufacture, use or maintain civil aircraft, as
well as the civil aircraft for which Airworthiness Certificates have been
obtained. If they fail to pass the examination or selective examination,
the CAAC shall impose penalties on them in accordance with the relevant
provisions of these Regulations and may, in addition to that, revoke their
relevant documents.
Article 20
If any units or individuals that use civil aircraft for flight activities
are found in any one of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have
the right to order them to suspend flight and impose a fine on them in
accordance with the seriousness of the case:
1. no Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained for the civil aircraft;
2. the Airworthiness Certificate of the civil aircraft has expired; or
3. the civil aircraft has been used beyond the scope prescribed in the
Airworthiness Certificate.
Article 21
If any units or individuals that maintain civil aircraft are found in any
of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have the right to order
them to suspend the maintenance business or revoke their Maintenance
Permit and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of
case:
1. no Maintenance Permit has been obtained and yet maintenance business
has been procured without authorization;
2. maintenance business has been undertaken beyond the business scope
prescribed in the Maintenance Permit; or
3. personnel who have not obtained a Maintenance Personnel Licence have
been put in charge of the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 22
If any units or individuals, in violation of the provisions in Article 7
of these Regulations, manufacture civil aircraft without authorization,
the CAAC shall have the right to order them to suspend the manufacturing
and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of the case.
Article 23
The superior competent authorities in charge of the penalized units in
accordance with these Regulations shall, based on the proposal of the
CAAC, subject the principal persons in charge of the penalized units or
other persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If the
case is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 24
If accidental death or bodily injury or heavy losses in property have
occurred as a result of negligence in the work of airworthiness
administration, the CAAC shall assume the liability for damages and
subject the persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If
the act of the persons directly responsible constitutes a crime, the
judicial organs shall investigate their criminal liabilities in accordance
with the law.
Article 25
The CAAC personnel engaged in airworthiness administration who take
advantage of their positions and powers to seek personal gains and graft
and corruption shall be subjected to administrative sanctions. If the case
is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 26
Any units or individuals that do not accept the decision of the CAAC
concerning the imposition of a fine may, within 15 days of receipt of the
notice of the fine, apply to the CAAC for reconsideration or directly file
a suit with a people's court. If no application for reconsideration is
submitted or no suit is filed and yet the decision has not been executed
at the expiry of the prescribed period of time, the CAAC may apply to the
people's court for the enforcement of the decision.
Article 27
The CAAC shall, on the basis of the opinions widely solicited from the
Ministry of Aeronautic Industry and the various departments concerned,
formulate the rules for the implementation of these Regulations and the
relevant technical standards.
Article 28
The CAAC shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 29
These Regulations shall become effective as of June 1, 1987.
吉林市市区河道管理办法
吉林省吉林市人民政府
吉林市人民政府令
第十一号
《吉林市市区河道管理办法》，已经一九八九年五月十三日吉林市人民政府第十一次常务会议通过，现予发布，自一九八九年七月一日起施行。
市长 吴广才
一九八九年五月三十日
吉林市市区河道管理办法
第一条 为加强市区河道管理，发挥其综合经济效益，根据国家和省的有关规定，结合我市实际，制定本办法。
第二条 凡在市区河道内从事各种活动的单位和个人，都必须遵守本办法。
第三条 市区河道管理要坚持全面规划、统筹兼顾、综合利用、讲求效益、服从防洪的原则。
第四条 市城乡建设委员会是市区河道工作的管理部门，负责市区河道的管理和防洪工作；日常工作由市城区河道管理处负责。
第五条 一切单位和个人都有保护堤防安全和参加防汛抢险的义务。
第六条 市城区河道管理处要加强河道管理，有计划地组织整治和清淤。及时对堤防及附属设施进行维修养护。
第七条 市区河道堤防建设应纳入城市建设总体规划，发动全市人民义务劳动，调动方方面面的力量，有计划地分期分段地进行。
第八条 禁止在堤防和护堤地(迎水面五十米，背水面十五米)上建房、放牧、开荒种地、开渠、打井、挖窖、晒粮、存放物料、开采地下资源及进行其它危害堤防安全的活动；禁止损毁闸坝、抽水站、各种标志等水工程设施。
第九条 禁止向河道内弃置矿渣、煤灰、垃圾等阻水物资。
禁止在河道行洪范围内修建围堤建筑物、阻水渠道和设置拦江渔具等阻水设施；河道内已有的阻水设施，要按市城区河道管理处规定的期限清除，并缴纳占河费。
第十条 市城区河道管理处要组织营造护堤林。护堤林归造林者所有，砍伐须经市城区河道管理处批准。
禁止在河道行洪范围内种植高杆农作物、林作物。现有的阻水树木，由植造单位按规定砍伐。
第十一条 修建跨江、穿江、临江、穿堤的桥梁、码头、管道、取水设施等工程的，必须按下列规定办理：
(一)依据河道管理总体规划作出设计；
(二)向市城区河道管理处提出申请，经审查批准后，再按基本建设程序履行审批手续；
(三)按批准的工程规模、标准、高程施工：
(四)定期向市城区河道管理处报告工程进度；
(五)工程竣工后，报经市城区河道管理处和有关部门验收，并将图纸等有关资料报送市城区河道管理处。
第十二条 在河道管理范围内进行下列活动必须报经 市城区河道管理处批准：
(一)取土、爆破、钻探、挖筑鱼塘；
(二)在河道滩地上存放物料、进行考古发掘、开采地下资源。
第十三条 在河道管理范围内清淤挖砂的，必须按下 列规定办理：
(一)持单位介绍信(个人持户口簿或居民身份证)向市城区河道管理处提出书面申请，填写临时占用河道批准书，报市城区河道管理处审批，并按规定缴纳管理费、预交河道平整保证金；
(二)按河道清淤规程和批准的位置、范围作业；
(三)及时运走砂石并回填砂坑；
(四)报经市城区河道管理处验收，合格后，返还河道平整保证金。
第十四条 市区防洪工作由市城乡建设委员会统一指 挥、统一领导，一切单位和个人必须服从防洪的命令、调童 度。
第十五条 对模范遵守本办法，在河道建设、管理中成绩显著和同违反本办法行为进行斗争有突出贡献的单位和个人，由市人民政府、市城乡建设委员会给予表彰或奖励。
第十六条 对违反本办法的，由市城区河道管理处或 会同有关部门给予下列处罚。构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事 责任。
(一)违反第八条规定，破坏堤防、损毁水工程设施的，除责令其修复外，并给予警告、处修复费二至三倍的罚款；
(二)违反第九条规定，在河道内设置阻水设施的，除责令其清除外，并处清除费二至三倍的罚款；
(三)违反第十条规定，擅自砍伐树木、在行洪区内种植高秆农作物、林作物的，处二十元至二百元的罚款；
(四)违反第十一条规定，不办理审批手续施工的，除责令其停止施工补办手续外，并处工程总投资百分之五以下的罚款；
(五)违反第十二条规定，擅自在河道管理范围内进行取土、钻探等活动的，除责令其停止活动外，并处五十元至一百元的罚款。擅自占用河道滩地的，处每平方米每日二元的罚款；
(六)违反第十三条规定，不按清淤规程作业采挖砂石的，除责令其停止挖砂外，并处销售额百分之三十以下的罚款；
(七)违反第十四条规定，不服从防洪调度命令造成损失的，给予行政处分。
按本条规定对单位处罚的，同时对单位主管领导和责任人处十元至五十元的罚款。
第十七条 当事人对有关部门作出的处罚决定不服的，可在接到处罚通知之日起五日内，向作出处罚决定部门的上级机关申请复议，复议机关应在接到复议申请之日起十日内作出决定。对复议决定不服的，可在接到通知之日起十日内向人民法院起诉。逾期不起诉又不履行的，由作出处罚决定的部门或复议机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第十八条 河道管理人员要守职尽责、模范遵守本办法。对滥用职权，违法渎职的，视其情节，由市城乡建设委员会给予行政、经济处分。构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第十九条 本办法所指市区河道范围为：松花江段上起丰满桥下，下至九站乡通溪河口上边缘，有堤段为两堤间范围，无堤段以百年洪水线为界。
第二十条 本办法由市城乡建设委员会解释。
第二十一条 本办法自一九八九年七月一日起施行